Effective microorganisms (EM)
11.01.2021Baikal EM-1-U for closed ground
11.01.2021
Application of EM technologies
The use of efficient microorganisms, the so-called EM farming technology, turns soils of any type into good arable land, capable of yielding many times more than the traditional way of farming, without the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
Effective microorganisms (EM) are mixed cultures of beneficial microorganisms with a predominance of lactic acid bacteria and yeast fungi. It is a stable self-regulating community of aerobic and anaerobic species, in which the products of life of some microorganisms become food for others.
When introduced into the soil, EMs adapt to the new environment, multiply and begin to intensively process organic matter into humus, saturating the soil with all the necessary nutrients for plants and cleaning it from contaminants, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.
EM cultures do not contain genetically modified microorganisms. EMs are made up of mixed cultures of microorganisms that are found in the natural environment around the world. The authors of the drug managed to combine into one bio culture a large group of microorganisms, which coexists in the mode of active exchange of food sources.
Groups of effective microorganisms:
Lactic acid bacteria
Suppress and suppress the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microflora without harming beneficial bacteria; accelerate the decomposition of organic matter.
Yeast
Synthesize substances useful for plant growth from amino acids and sugars produced by other bacteria and plant roots. Biologically active substances such as hormones and enzymes produced by yeast stimulate root growth. In addition, as a result of fermentation processes carried out by yeast, there is a natural loosening of the soil and improvement of its structure.
Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms
Atmospheric nitrogen is transferred and fixed in the form of nitrogen compounds, thus creating nitrogen reserves in the soil. In addition, various vitamins and growth bio stimulators are synthesized and released into the soil.
Photosynthetic bacteria
Beneficial substances such as amino acids, nucleic acids, biologically active substances, and sugars that promote the development and growth of plants are synthesized from the root excretions of plants, organic residues, and even harmful gases.
Mushrooms
Form a branching mycelium, which densely intertwines a mass of organic residues in the soil. Fungi decompose organic matter in the soil, producing ethyl alcohol, esters, and antibiotics. They suppress odors and prevent soil contamination by harmful insects and their larvae.
Actinomycetes
These are branching bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria type. The role of actinomycetes in the soil formation process is that they decompose the soil organic matter well, especially insoluble compounds such as fiber, lignins, paraffins and wax. Actinomycetes synthesize antibiotics that inhibit the growth and development of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Interaction of microorganisms with plants
The interaction of the plant-microorganism system occurs in several stages. In the beginning, the bacteria modify the insoluble compounds of the soil and the plant begins to receive additional nutrition. Then the physiological activity of the plant itself begins to grow – its roots absorb food more intensively. This is due to a plant hormone, indoleacetic acid, which is secreted by bacteria.
In addition, soil bacteria inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic microorganisms, which also contributes to the favorable growth and development of plants. As a result, the plant receives such an amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients that the effect of soil microorganisms is comparable to the action of mineral fertilizers.
The positive effect of EM technology on soil parameters such as moisture permeability, air aeration of the soil, temperature, and its mechanical composition is well studied. Increasing the amount of air in the soil is achieved by increasing its porosity and leads to better moisture permeability. And the porosity of the soil depends on its mechanical composition, on the root system of cultivated crops, and on the presence of earthworms. The drug “Baikal EM-1-U” has a beneficial effect on all these indicators, which are closely interrelated.